| Sarajevo Canton
Kanton Sarajevo (bs) Sarajevska županija (hr) Сарајевски кантон (sr) |
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| — Canton — | |||
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| Location of the Sarajevo Canton | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||
| Established | 1461 and 1463 | ||
| Main city | Sarajevo | ||
| Municipalities |
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| Government | |||
| • Head of canton | Fikret Musić | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 1,276.9 km2 (493 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2011 estimate)[1] | |||
| • Total | 438,757 | ||
| • Density | 343.6/km2 (889.9/sq mi) | ||
The Sarajevo Canton is a canton of the Federation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The capital is Sarajevo.
The Canton is basically the metro area of the city it is named after that is inside the Federation. It contains 98% of Sarajevo's population, but a much smaller percentage of the official land area.
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The history of Sarajevo Canton dates back to Neolithic times, when the Butmir culture made its mountains and hills their home. In ancient times, the Canton was occupied by the Illyrians. The local tribe, the Daesitates, controlled most of the area. They were a warlike bunch and the last Illyrian tribe to resist Roman rule, which finally came in AD 9. Under Roman rule, many roads were constructed in the region, as well as a city on top of modern day Ilidža. During the Middle Ages, the area of Sarajevo Canton was a key part of the Bosnian Kingdom. The city of Vrhbosna existed somewhere in the region and was one of the most important cities at the time.
True development of the region came after the Ottoman conquest when local Muslim noble Isa-Beg Isaković established the roots of the modern city of Sarajevo, between 1461 and 1463. The region grew along with the city, which quickly, after Istanbul, became the most important in the Balkans. Later rule by Austria-Hungary modernized and westernized the region. Under Yugoslavia, the Yugoslavian government further developed the area, which more than tripled in size. Much of this progress was offset however by the Yugoslav Wars in the early 1990s.
The canton was a result of this warfare, created by the Bosniak-Croat Washington Accords in 1994, and its boundaries defined by the Dayton Accords in 1995.
Like all Cantons of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the head of Sarajevo Canton is called the Premier. The current premier is Fikret Musić (Social Democrat Party SDP). The gouvernmant is made by coalition of Social Democrats (SDP) and Conservative People Party (SDA) Like many other heads of executive branches of government in the world, the Premier has a cabinet which helps him go about his duties. The Sarajevo Canton also has Ministries, Services, and Agencies to help in the running of the region.
The Canton is split into 9 municipalities. They are all based on the major settlements in their region, except for Sarajevo, which is so large it consists of four separate municipalities and has its own separate city government. There are usually no real city governments in Bosnia as some would imagine, but major cities are in municipalities of the same name (i.e. Ilidža is part of Ilidža Municipality) whose governments are the de facto city government as their jurisdiction covers the city and all major suburbs.
The Sarajevo Canton has a typical Bosnian geography. It is located close to the geometric center of the country, and contains numerous mountains, including Bjelašnica, Igman, Jahorina, Trebević, and Treskavica. The cities of the Canton are built predominantly on the hills at the foot of these mountains, and the fields in between them. The most significant of these is the Sarajevo field, a small depression upon which the bulk of the city is built upon. The Miljacka river passes through the Canton. Vrelo Bosne, the source of the Bosna River, is found in Sarajevo Canton and is the source of water for most residents of Sarajevo.
Sarajevo is economically strongest region in the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city and canton generate more than 37% of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian GDP. The economy of Sarajevo Canton is slowly growing better, although it has been severely weakened by the Siege of Sarajevo and is still drastically weaker than it used to be. The employment rate in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 45.5% officially; however, grey economy may reduce actual unemployment to between 25 and 30%, while in sarajevo the official unemployment rate is around 20% of the labour force.
Major industries in the region include tourism, food processing, and manufacturing. Several major Bosnian companies are based in the Canton, and the area holds the country footholds of numerous foreign corporations, such as Coca Cola.
The Sarajevo Canton contains Sarajevo and its metro areas. Since the city is the largest in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is also one of the most populous Cantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the government statistics for 2011, the overall population of Sarajevo Canton is estimated to be 438,757.[1]
The population density of Sarajevo Canton is some 314 people per km² (816/sq mi). 17.3% of the Canton's population are youth up to 14 years of age, 69.4% are between 15 and 64 years of age, and some 13.3% are over 65 years of age.
Ethnically speaking, 79.6% of the Canton are Bosniaks, 11.2% are Serbs and another 6.7% are Croats. The most ethnically dominant municipality is Stari Grad, whose residents are over 98% Bosniak.
Of the nine municipalities, the biggest population belongs to Novi Grad, with some 296,588 residents. The smallest population was in Trnovo, which has a mere 839 residents.
Canton consists of 9 municipalities:
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